Bulgaria is located in what historically has been known as Thrace since antiquity. Regional History Museum – Plovdiv . Bulgaria is bordered by 5 countries: by Romania in the north; by Turkey and Greece in the south; by North Macedonia in the southwest and by Serbia in the west. On 30 December 2016, the Bulgarian authorities announced heightened security measures in all … Sofia is no grand metropolis, but it's a modern, youthful city, with a scattering of onion-domed churches, Ottoman mosques and stubborn Red Army monuments that lend an eclectic, exotic feel. This page was last updated on February 5, 2021, All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2021 worldatlas.com. Bulgaria has a complex drainage pattern characterized, with the notable exception of the Danube, by relatively short rivers. Agricultural communities, though, appeared in the Neolithic Period (New Stone Age), and in the Bronze Age the lands… Bulgaria, officially Republic of Bulgaria, Bulgarian Republika Bŭlgariya, country occupying the eastern portion of the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe. It is a military type airport, located at the elevation of 58 meters, having runways a long as 3000 meters long. It has a population of 346,893 as of 2018 and 675,000 in the greater metropolitan area. Omissions? Pirin attracts … This alliance had profound effects on the Bulgarian state and psyche, altering everything from land use and labour practices to religion and the arts. Map of Bulgaria and travel information about Bulgaria brought to you by Lonely Planet. The relatively large number of Bulgarian plant and animal species reflects the country’s location adjoining several of the great Eurasian biogeographic zones. It’s fair to say that Bulgaria’s coast is the most popular part of the country with … It is geographically positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. The Black Sea lies to the east, Turkey and Greece to the south, North Macedonia to the southwest, and Serbia to the west. Human activity in the land that is Bulgaria was present during the Paleolithic era. The country is remarkable for its variety of scenery; its rugged mountains and relaxing Black Sea resorts attract many visitors. Varna culture, neolithic culture of north-eastern Bulgaria SS Varna , a number of ships with this name MFC Varna , a professional futsal team based in Varna, Bulgaria Bulgaria is a country located in the south eastern region of the European continent, occupying the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. Block faulting—the raising or lowering of great structural segments along regular lines of crustal weakness—has produced there the Sredna Mountains, the Vitosha Massif near Sofia, a number of sheltered structural basins, and the Upper Thracian and Tundzha lowlands. As can be observed in the map, Bulgaria has a rough rectangular outline. The members of the EU engage in the bulk of Bulgarian trade. These provinces are further subdivided into a total of 265 municipalities. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Like other nations of the Balkan Peninsula, Bulgaria claims a mix of Eastern and Western cultures, and the mingling is evident in its cuisine, its architecture, and its religious heritage. The major rivers are the Maritsa (Marica), Iskŭr, Struma, Arda, Tundzha, and Yantra. Bulgaria Bordering Countries: Bulgaria (officially, the Republic of Bulgaria) is divided into 28 provinces (oblasti, sing. "Philip's ci… Explore Bulgaria Using Google Earth: Overall, more than half of the runoff drains to the Black Sea, and the rest flows to the Aegean Sea. The country Bulgaria is located on the continent of Europe. Bulgaria, officially Republic of Bulgaria, Bulgarian Republika Bŭlgariya, country occupying the eastern portion of the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe. Plovdiv is the second-largest city in Bulgaria, standing on the banks of the Maritsa river in the historical region of Thrace. The Pirin National Park is alright, too. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The country shares international borders with Greece, the Republic of Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Turkey. Discover Bulgaria. Fish species include the Balkan trout and common minnow. With more than one million inhabitants, Sofia has three times as many people as the next largest cities, Plovdiv and Varna. Though located in western Bulgaria, the capital, Sofia, is neatly positioned near the geographic centre of the Balkan region, and in nearly every other respect it occupies the central position within Bulgaria. Emerging from centuries of Ottoman rule, Bulgaria gained its independence in the late 19th century, joined the losing side of several conflagrations in the first half of the 20th century, and, despite gravitating toward the Axis powers in World War II, found itself within close orbit of the Soviet Union by mid-century. The mountain chain is larger than the adjacent ranges that run parallel in a transitional region of complex relief. It is intersected by historically important routes from northern and eastern Europe to the Mediterranean basin and from western and central Europe to the Middle East. Other articles where History of Bulgaria is discussed: Bulgaria: History: Evidence of human habitation in the area of Bulgaria dates from sometime within the Middle Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age; 100,000 to 40,000 bce). This includes the Rhodope Mountains (Bulgarian: Rodopi; Greek: Rhodopis), which rise to 7,188 feet (2,190 metres) at Golyam Perelik Peak; the Rila Mountains, rising to 9,596 feet (2,925 metres) at Musala Peak, which is the highest point in the country and indeed in the whole Balkan Peninsula; the Pirin Mountains, with Vikhren Peak reaching 9,560 feet; and a frontier range known as the Belasitsa Mountains. Bulgaria’s winemaking tradition dates to ancient Thracian times, and its wines have been enjoyed by everyone from Roman writers to former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. As communist governments fell in eastern Europe in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Bulgaria was suddenly released from the magnetic field of the Soviet giant and drifted into the uneasy terrain of postcommunism. The International Hotel & Restaurant Association crowned one of the Bulgarian towns with a great abundance of mineral waters and SPA hotels, Velingrad, as the SPA Capital of the Balkan. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Surrounded by sprawling parkland, Sofia, the capital and largest city of the Republic of Bulgaria, lies at the foot of popular ski mountain, Vitosha. Cultural movement against Greek influence, Political divisions under Alexander of Battenberg, Bulgarian resistance to the Axis alliance, https://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria, Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Bulgaria, Bulgaria - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Bulgaria - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). "Bulgaria doesn't need uneducated refugees," says Deputy Prime Minister Valeri Simeonov, a leader of the United Patriots, an anti-immigrant grouping forming part of the coalition government. This map was created by a user. Located on the slopes of the Vitosha Mountains and the Sofia Valley, at the center of the Balkan Peninsula is, Sofia – the capital, the largest and the most populous city of Bulgaria. Bulgaria is located in southeastern Europe. Observe the Egyptian, Griffon, and the black vultures feeding on a dead goat in Bulgaria's Rhodope Mountains. Make your trip to Bulgaria an unforgettable experience. The Balkan Mountains cut across the central part of the country, while the Rhodope Mountains run through southern Bulgaria, along its border with Greece. Bulgaria (Bulgarian: България), officially the Republic of Bulgaria, a unitary state on the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe bordering the Black Sea in east. With an area of 110,999 sq. Perhaps the city’s most famous feature is the famous Tsarevets Fortress, located in the medieval city center. Plovdiv is the cultural capital of Bulgaria and was the European Capital of Culture in 2019. Founded in the 7th century, Bulgaria is one of the oldest states on the European continent. Neighbouring countries are: Greece, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia & Turkey. Bulgaria - Bulgaria - People: Ethnically, the population is fairly homogeneous, with Bulgarians making up more than four-fifths of the total. Protected by Unesco, Pirin is a mecca for hikers. located on the slopes of the Vitosha Mountains and the Sofia Valley which has an altitude of 1800 feet. With budget skiing, glorious beaches and picturesque monasteries, Bulgaria’s small size does not limit its wealth of attractions. The Danube River basin and its drainage network. The capital city, Sofia, lies in a mountainous basin in the west. Bulgaria is the second richest in natural mineral springs country in Europe, stepping down only to Iceland. The history of Bulgaria can be traced from the first settlements on the lands of modern Bulgaria to its formation as a nation-state, and includes the history of the Bulgarian people and their origin. all. The average elevation of the region is 584 feet (178 metres), and it covers some 12,200 square miles (31,600 square km). Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Hailstorms occur between May and August. The above blank map represents Bulgaria, a southeastern European Nation, occupying the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. All but a short section of the northern frontier of Bulgaria is marked by the lower Danube River. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. With the exception of the fine harbours of Varna and Burgas, the coast has few bays, but it does have extensive stretches of sandy beach that are features of a number of picturesque seaside resorts. 1. During most of its recorded history, Plovdiv was known by the name Philippopolis (Greek: Φιλιππούπολις, translit. More than its Coast. Geography of Bulgaria ContinentEurope RegionBalkan Peninsula, Bulgaria is a country located in the south eastern region of the European continent, occupying the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Major rivers include the Danube River, as it forms the northern border with Romania, and the Iskur, Maritsa, Struma, Tundzha and Yantra rivers. Therefore, Bulgaria is every SPA lover’s paradise! The south-eastern lowlands (Maritsa Basin), drained by a series of small rivers, slope to the Black Sea. Southern Bulgaria has forest soils with acidic (cinnamonic) traces—by far the most extensive single category—as well as the modified chernozems known as chernozem-smolnitzas (a dark-coloured zonal soil with a deep and rich humus horizon). Slavic tribes who settled in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula in the 6th century bce assimilated to a large extent the local Thracian culture, which had roots in the 4th century bce, and formed a basic ethnic group. Moving on north of the Balkan Mountains the fertile lowlands of the Danubian Plain slope gradually down to the Danube River. Bulgaria is bordered by the Black Sea to the east, Serbia and the Republic of North Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and Romania to the north. Noted for its diversity, Bulgaria's landscape ranges from mountainous peaks covered in snow to valleys and lowlands giving way to the coast of the Black Sea. The highest point in the country, located in the Rila Mountains, is Musala Mt., at 9,594 ft. (2,925 m). The Varna invented gold working and were some of the first gold smelters.They produced the jewelry, coins and weapons of what is now known as the Varn… Today its gaze is firmly fixed on the West; Bulgaria became a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 2004 and of the European Union (EU) in 2007. Steppe species are most characteristic in the northeast and southeast, while the south is rich in sub-Mediterranean and Mediterranean species. Bulgaria’s numerous lakes may be coastal (such as the large lakes around Varna and Burgas, both on the Black Sea), glacial (such as those in the southern mountains), structural, or karst in origin. Nonetheless, most of the plant and animal life is central European, mixed with a type that blends Arctic and alpine characteristics in the high mountains. Three basic structural and physiographic divisions run east-west, splitting the country into the traditional regions of North Bulgaria, including the Danubian Plain and the Balkan Mountains; South Bulgaria, including the Rila-Rhodope Massif; and a transitional area between them. Another mountain mass covers southern Bulgaria. The Sofia Museum of Military History . Lecturer in the Geography of Eastern Europe and Chairman, Department of Social Sciences, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of London. Within a relatively small compass, the Bulgarian landscape exhibits striking topographic variety. Bulgaria’s former capital is one of the most important cities (historically) in the whole country. Terrorist attacks in Bulgaria can’t be ruled out. Graf Ignatievo Air Base is situated in Garf Ignatievo, a village in Plovdiv. The country has some 500 mineral springs, half of which are warm or hot (reaching 217 °F [103 °C] at Sapareva Banya, in the west). Bulgarians are the largest ethnic group in Bulgaria, accounting for about 84.8% of the total population. oblast). Trending north-south at the eastern fringe of three principal regions is the narrow Black Sea coastal region. Burgas Tourism: Tripadvisor has 7,895 reviews of Burgas Hotels, Attractions, and Restaurants making it your best Burgas resource. These majestic ranges discharge meltwater from montane snowfields throughout the summer, and their sharp outlines, pine-clad slopes, and, in the Rila and Pirin ranges, several hundred lakes of glacial origin combine to form some of the most beautiful Bulgarian landscapes. Macedonia, Greece, Turkey, Romania, Serbia. Founded in the 7th century, Bulgaria is one of the oldest states on the European continent. The lowlands receive snowfall from mid-October to mid-May, with an annual average of 25–30 days of snow cover. No Recent searches yet, but as soon as you have some, we’ll display them here. The abrupt and often steep banks on the Bulgarian side contrast with the swamps and lagoons of the Romanian side. For the article summary, see. During the Pleistocene Epoch (i.e., about 2,600,000 to 11,700 years ago), life in the region was not destroyed by advancing glaciers as occurred in much of Europe but was actually enriched by the immigration of species from the north, some of which still survive. Most of Bulgaria has a moderate continental climate, which is tempered by Mediterranean influences in the south. The Bulgarian writer Yordan Radichkov has placed the capital along the axis of two major transnational routes: (1) the historic Silk Road that connects China and the West and (2) a major natural path of migrating birds known as the “grand route of Aristotle.” According to Radichkov, “The universal core of Bulgaria is to be found at the crossroads of these two routes.”. New laws allowed for the return of the properties that had been confiscated by the previous communist governments. Find the perfect combination of adventure and fun. No. Bulgaria - Bulgaria - Government and society: In July 1991 the National Assembly adopted a new constitution establishing a parliamentary government and guaranteeing direct presidential elections, separation of powers, and freedom of speech, press, conscience, and religion. Griffon, Egyptian, and black vultures feeding on a dead goat in Bulgaria's Rhodope Mountains. The sun-splashed favourite of local Bulgarians heading out of Sofia and Plovdiv for the summer, Varna is much more than… Philippoúpolis, lit. Numerous dams have been constructed in the mountains. Learn how to create your own. In alphabetical order, the provinces are: Blagoevgrad, Burgas, Dobrich, Gabrovo, Haskovo, Kardzhali, Kyustendil, Lovech, Montana, Pazardzhik, Pernik, Pleven, Plovdiv, Razgrad, Ruse, Shumen, Silistra, Sliven, Smolyan, Sofia, Sofia-Grad (Sofia City), Stara Zagora, Targovishte, Varna, Veliko-Tarnovo, Vidin, Vratsa and Yambol. Influences from the steppes of western Asia also penetrated the region at that time. Their rounded summits have an average height of 2,368 feet (722 metres) and rise to 7,795 feet (2,376 metres) at Mount Botev, the highest peak. Extending southward from the Danube to the foothills of the Balkan Mountains is the fertile, hilly Danubian Plain. About one-third of the nesting birds in Bulgaria can be found in the park, as well as one-third of invertebrates. Nearly rectangular in outline, Bulgaria is bounded by Romania to the north, with most of the border marked by the lower Danube River. Before Philip II of Macedonia began to expand his kingdom, Macedonia was roughly what is today’s Macedonia in Greece. Updates? Bulgaria Coronavirus update with statistics and graphs: total and new cases, deaths per day, mortality and recovery rates, current active cases, recoveries, trends and timeline. The rugged high mountain regions have brown forest, dark mountain forest, and mountain meadow soils. The modernisation of the country’s tourist infrastructure in recent years means that linguistic and actual dead-ends are more infrequent than ever before, so use our map of Bulgaria below to start planning your trip now. 2. The above outline map represents Bulgaria, a southeast European nation. It is an important economic, transport, cultural, and educational center. km, Bulgaria is the 16th largest country in Europe. Rila National Park is a refuge for local fauna, such as suslik, rock partridges, chamois, capercaillie, chough, accentor, wall creeper, owls, bats, and martens. It is geographically positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. Balneo Spa and Wellness. It is the main cultural and commercial center of the country. The earliest evidence of hominid occupation discovered in what is today Bulgaria date from at least 1.4 million years ago. Bulgaria is offering AstraZeneca jabs for all low-priority citizens, with BioNTech-Pfizer and Moderna vaccines reserved for everyone involved in organizing the upcoming parliamentary elections. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Before the creation of the Bulgarian state, the empires of ancient Rome, Greece, and Byzantium were strong presences, and people and goods traveled the land with frequency. It is bounded by the Black Sea in the east. Types of tourism. Open expanses of lowland alternate with broken mountain country, cut by deep river gorges and harbouring upland basins such as that in which Sofia lies. Regions in Bulgaria. The Bulgarian government has introduced a number of conservation measures, including steps to protect soil, water, and air from pollution and to establish protected areas of outstanding interest to naturalists. The Balkan Mountains border the Danubian Plain on the south. Several rivers cross the plain, flowing northward from the Balkans to join the Danube. Bulgaria's pleasingly laid-back capital is often overlooked by visitors heading to the coast or the ski resorts, but they're missing something special. Corrections? Animal bones carved with man-made markingshave been discovered in the Korarnika cave that are assumed to be some of the earliest examples of humans’ symbolic behavior. The Srebarna Nature Reserve, a freshwater lake and bird sanctuary adjoining the Danube River, was named a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983 and then placed on UNESCO’s endangered list in 1992 after environmental decline; improvements were seen in the early 21st century. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Mean annual precipitation ranges from about 18 inches (450 mm) in the northeast to more than 47 inches (1,190 mm) in the highest mountains. The average annual temperature is 51 °F (10.5 °C), but this conceals a wide variation; temperatures as low as −37 °F (−38 °C) and as high as 113 °F (45 °C) have been recorded. The National Historical Museum is one of Eastern Europe's most extensive. The Hamangia, Vinča, Varna cultures were all prehistoric societies organized and living in Bulgarian lands. Editor of, Below is the full article. In the second largest city of Bulgaria, is the country’s pride, which happens to be its primary defense system. 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